Vedic astrology glossary

ग्रह (Graha)

A celestial body that 'seizes' or influences human affairs. In Vedic astrology, the nine Grahas are Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu, and Ketu.

Etymology: grah (to seize, to grasp)

नवग्रह (Navagraha)

The collective group of nine celestial influencers: Surya, Chandra, Mangal, Budha, Guru, Shukra, Shani, Rahu, and Ketu.

Etymology: nava (nine) + graha (planet)

राशि (Rāśi)

One of 12 zodiac divisions, each spanning 30 degrees of the ecliptic. In the sidereal system, signs are aligned with actual star constellations.

Etymology: rāśi (heap, group, collection)

भाव (Bhāva)

One of 12 divisions of the chart representing life domains such as self, wealth, siblings, happiness, children, health, partnerships, transformation, fortune, career, gains, and liberation.

Etymology: bhāva (state of being, condition)

नक्षत्र (Nakṣatra)

One of 27 segments the Moon travels through, each spanning 13 degrees 20 minutes of the zodiac. The birth Nakshatra reveals core emotional patterns and natural rhythms.

Etymology: na (not) + kṣatra (destructible) — the imperishable stars

लग्न (Lagna)

The zodiac sign rising on the eastern horizon at the exact moment of birth. It sets the framework for all 12 houses and is considered as important as the Sun and Moon.

Etymology: lag (to attach, to be fixed)

पद (Pāda)

Each Nakshatra is divided into 4 quarters of 3 degrees 20 minutes each, mapping to the Navamsha divisions. The 108 Padas correspond to the 108 Navamsha slots.

Etymology: pāda (foot, quarter)

अयनांश (Ayanāṃśa)

The angular difference between the tropical and sidereal zodiacs due to Earth's axial precession. Naksh uses the Lahiri Ayanamsa, the Indian government standard.

Etymology: ayana (solstice path) + aṃśa (degree portion)

निरयन (Nirayana)

The coordinate system aligned with actual fixed star positions. Unlike the tropical system used in Western astrology, the sidereal system accounts for Earth's axial precession.

Etymology: nir (without) + ayana (movement/shift)

सायन (Sāyana)

The zodiac system anchored to equinoxes and solstices rather than fixed stars. Used predominantly in Western astrology. Diverges from sidereal by approximately 24 degrees currently.

Etymology: sa (with) + ayana (movement/shift)

कुंडली (Kuṇḍalī)

A map of the sky at the exact moment of birth, showing planetary positions across the 12 zodiac signs and houses. It forms the foundation of all Vedic astrological analysis.

Etymology: kuṇḍala (coil, ring) — referring to the circular chart

राशि-भाव (Rāśi-Bhāva)

The house system where each house equals exactly one zodiac sign. The sign containing the Ascendant becomes the entire 1st house, the next sign becomes the 2nd, and so on.

Etymology: rāśi (sign) + bhāva (house)

गोचर (Gocara)

The current position of a planet in the sky compared to its natal position. Slow planets like Saturn create long-term themes; fast ones like Moon shift daily.

Etymology: go (sense organ/cow) + cara (moving)

वक्री (Vakrī)

When a planet appears to move backward in the sky from Earth's perspective. An optical effect of orbital mechanics. Classical texts note retrograde planets have intensified, internalized energy.

Etymology: vakra (crooked, curved)

दृष्टि (Dṛṣṭi)

The ability of a planet to influence another planet or house from a distance. All planets aspect the 7th house from their position. Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn have special additional aspects.

Etymology: dṛṣṭi (sight, vision, glance)

सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)

Any connection between two planets through conjunction, mutual aspect, or sign exchange. Sambandha is the fundamental requirement for Yoga formation.

Etymology: sambandha (connection, relationship, bond)

राहु (Rāhu)

The ascending node of the Moon's orbit. Not a physical body but a mathematical point where the Moon's orbit intersects the ecliptic. Represents worldly desires, amplification, and unconventional paths.

Etymology: rāhu (the seizer) — from mythology of the solar eclipse

केतु (Ketu)

The descending node of the Moon's orbit, always exactly opposite Rahu. Represents spiritual liberation, detachment, past-life mastery, and dissolution of worldly attachments.

Etymology: ketu (banner, flag, bright appearance)

ज्योतिष (Jyotiṣa)

The Vedic science of light and celestial phenomena. One of the six Vedangas (limbs of the Veda). Encompasses Siddhanta (astronomy), Samhita (mundane), and Hora (natal) branches.

Etymology: jyotis (light, celestial body)

होराशास्त्र (Horāśāstra)

The branch of Jyotish dealing with individual horoscopy and prediction. One of the three main branches alongside Siddhanta (astronomy) and Samhita (mundane astrology).

Etymology: horā (horoscopy) + śāstra (science, treatise)

उच्च (Ucca)

The sign where a planet reaches maximum strength and expression. Each planet has one specific exaltation sign and an exact exaltation degree within it.

Etymology: ucca (high, elevated)

नीच (Nīca)

The sign where a planet is weakest, exactly 180 degrees opposite its exaltation sign. Debilitated planets struggle to fully express their natural qualities.

Etymology: nīca (low, base)

मूलत्रिकोण (Mūlatrikoṇa)

A specific portion of a sign where a planet has near-exalted strength, between exaltation and own sign in the dignity hierarchy. Each planet has designated Moolatrikona degrees.

Etymology: mūla (root) + trikoṇa (triangle/trine)

स्वस्थान (Svasthāna)

When a planet occupies a sign it rules. A planet in its own sign is comfortable and can express its qualities naturally, similar to being in one's own home.

Etymology: sva (own) + sthāna (place)

बल (Bala)

How well-placed a planet is in its current sign. Ranges from Exalted (strongest) through Moolatrikona, Own Sign, Friendly, Neutral, Enemy, to Debilitated (weakest).

Etymology: bala (strength, power)

ग्रह मित्र (Graha Mitra)

The natural friendship or enmity between planets based on sign ownership relationships described in classical texts. Planets are classified as natural friends, neutrals, or enemies.

Etymology: graha (planet) + mitra (friend)

ग्रह शत्रु (Graha Śatru)

When a planet is placed in a sign ruled by its natural or temporal enemy, reducing its ability to produce beneficial results in that position.

Etymology: graha (planet) + śatru (enemy)

दिग्बल (Digbala)

Strength a planet gains by occupying a particular angular house. Jupiter and Mercury gain Dig Bala in the 1st, Sun and Mars in the 10th, Saturn in the 7th, Moon and Venus in the 4th.

Etymology: dik (direction) + bala (strength)

अस्त (Asta)

When a planet comes too close to the Sun in longitude, its significations are said to be burned or weakened. Each planet has specific combustion orb degrees.

Etymology: asta (set, gone down)

वर्गोत्तम (Vargottama)

When a planet occupies the same sign in both the birth chart (Rashi) and the Navamsha (D-9) chart. Considered a source of great strength and consistency.

Etymology: varga (division) + uttama (best)

योग (Yoga)

A specific arrangement of planets that classical texts associate with particular life themes. In astrology, yoga means union or combination of planetary influences, not the physical practice.

Etymology: yuj (to yoke, to unite)

राजयोग (Rājayoga)

Formed when lords of Kendra and Trikona houses combine by conjunction, mutual aspect, or exchange. Indicates periods of authority, success, and recognition.

Etymology: rāja (king) + yoga (combination)

धनयोग (Dhanayoga)

Combinations involving the lords of the 2nd, 11th, and 5th/9th houses that indicate periods of financial prosperity and wealth accumulation.

Etymology: dhana (wealth) + yoga (combination)

पञ्चमहापुरुषयोग (Pañcamahāpuruṣayoga)

Five yogas formed when Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, or Saturn occupy their own or exaltation sign in a Kendra: Ruchaka, Bhadra, Hamsa, Malavya, and Shasha respectively.

Etymology: pañca (five) + mahā (great) + puruṣa (person)

नीचभंग (Nīcabhaṅga)

When specific conditions cancel or mitigate a planet's debilitation, often producing powerful results. The lord of the debilitation sign or exaltation sign must be well-placed.

Etymology: nīca (debilitated) + bhaṅga (breaking, cancellation)

गजकेसरी (Gajakesarī)

Formed when Jupiter is in a Kendra from the Moon. Indicates wisdom, reputation, and lasting achievements. One of the most commonly occurring beneficial yogas.

Etymology: gaja (elephant) + kesarī (lion)

बुधादित्य (Budhāditya)

Formed when Sun and Mercury conjoin in the same sign. Indicates sharp intellect and communication skills, though Mercury must not be combust for full effect.

Etymology: budha (Mercury) + āditya (Sun)

कालसर्पयोग (Kālasarpayoga)

Formed when all seven planets are hemmed between Rahu and Ketu. A modern concept not found in classical texts. Indicates karmic intensity but is often over-emphasized.

Etymology: kāla (time) + sarpa (serpent)

चन्द्रमंगल (Candramaṅgala)

Formed when Moon and Mars conjoin. Indicates earning ability, financial drive, and sometimes emotional intensity. Particularly noted for business acumen.

Etymology: candra (Moon) + maṅgala (Mars/auspicious)

विपरीतराजयोग (Viparītarājayoga)

Formed when lords of Dusthana houses (6, 8, 12) are placed in other Dusthana houses. Paradoxically produces gains through difficulties or from the downfall of opponents.

Etymology: viparīta (reversed) + rāja (royal) + yoga (combination)

सरस्वतीयोग (Sarasvatīyoga)

Formed when Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury occupy Kendras, Trikonas, or the 2nd house. Indicates learning, eloquence, and mastery of arts and sciences.

Etymology: Named after Saraswati, goddess of knowledge

परिवर्तन (Parivartana)

When two planets occupy each other's signs, creating a mutual exchange. The resulting Yoga depends on which houses are involved: Maha, Khala, or Dainya.

Etymology: parivartana (exchange, turning around)

नाभसयोग (Nābhasayoga)

A class of 32 yogas based on overall planetary distribution patterns: Ashraya (3), Dala (2), Akriti (20), and Sankhya (7). Describes the general personality blueprint.

Etymology: nābhasa (celestial, sky-related)

सुनफा (Sunaphā)

Formed when any planet (except Sun, Rahu, Ketu) occupies the 2nd house from Moon. Indicates self-made wealth, intelligence, and good reputation.

Etymology: sunaphā (a specific lunar yoga name)

अनफा (Anaphā)

Formed when any planet (except Sun, Rahu, Ketu) occupies the 12th house from Moon. Indicates a dignified appearance, spiritual inclination, and comfortable life.

Etymology: anaphā (a specific lunar yoga name)

दुरुधरा (Durudharā)

Formed when planets occupy both the 2nd and 12th from Moon simultaneously. Indicates wealth, vehicles, generosity, and loyal support systems.

Etymology: durudharā (difficult to resist/oppose)

अमलयोग (Amalayoga)

Formed when a natural benefic occupies the 10th from Lagna or Moon. Indicates a virtuous character, lasting fame, and ethical conduct in career.

Etymology: amala (spotless, pure) + yoga (combination)

चन्द्रयोग (Candrayoga)

A class of yogas involving the Moon's relationship with other planets, including Sunapha, Anapha, Durudhara, Gajakesari, and Kemadruma.

Etymology: candra (Moon) + yoga (combination)

विंशोत्तरी (Viṃśottarī)

The primary Dasha system in Parashari astrology spanning 120 years. Based on the Moon's Nakshatra at birth, allocating periods in sequence: Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury.

Etymology: viṃśa (twenty) + uttarī (above) — 120 years

दशा (Daśā)

Vedic tradition maps life into chapters ruled by different planets. Each chapter carries themes based on that planet's nature and position in the birth chart.

Etymology: daśā (condition, state, period)

महादशा (Mahādaśā)

A planetary period lasting several years that colors the overall theme of a life phase. Each planet rules for a specific duration in the 120-year Vimshottari cycle.

Etymology: mahā (great) + daśā (period)

अन्तर्दशा (Antardaśā)

A shorter sub-period within each Mahadasha. It refines the theme by blending two planetary influences: the major period lord and the sub-period lord.

Etymology: antar (inner, within) + daśā (period)

प्रत्यन्तर्दशा (Pratyantardaśā)

The third level of Dasha subdivision. Each Antardasha contains nine Pratyantardashas in the same Vimshottari sequence, providing finer timing for events.

Etymology: prati (each/counter) + antar (inner) + daśā (period)

दशानाथ (Daśānātha)

The planet that governs a particular Dasha period. Its natal placement, dignity, and house lordship determine the themes and experiences during that period.

Etymology: daśā (period) + nātha (lord, master)

दशासन्धि (Daśāsandhi)

The transitional period at the boundary between two Mahadashas. Classical texts consider this a sensitive time when life themes shift significantly.

Etymology: daśā (period) + sandhi (junction, meeting point)

योगिनीदशा (Yoginīdaśā)

An alternative 36-year Dasha cycle based on 8 Yoginis. Simpler than Vimshottari with shorter periods, useful for timing events within tighter windows.

Etymology: yoginī (female adept) + daśā (period)

चरदशा (Caradaśā)

Jaimini's primary Dasha system based on signs rather than planets. Each sign rules a period, and results depend on the planets and Karakas within that sign.

Etymology: cara (movable, variable) + daśā (period)

मुहूर्त (Muhūrta)

The science of selecting optimal times to begin activities. A Muhurta is traditionally a unit of 48 minutes, and the discipline uses Panchanga elements to evaluate timing.

Etymology: muhūrta (a moment, a specific time unit)

तारबल (Tārabala)

A daily compatibility system comparing natal Moon Nakshatra to transit Moon Nakshatra via modulo-27 arithmetic, yielding one of 9 Taras that indicate the day's tone.

Etymology: tārā (star) + bala (strength)

चन्द्रबल (Candrabala)

The position of the transiting Moon relative to the natal Moon. Certain positions (1st, 6th, 11th from natal Moon) are considered favorable, while others suggest caution.

Etymology: candra (Moon) + bala (strength)

होरा (Horā)

Division of the day into planetary hours, each ruled by one of the seven visible planets. The ruling planet colors activities begun during that hour.

Etymology: From ahorātra (day-and-night), shortened to horā

राहुकाल (Rāhukāla)

A roughly 90-minute window each day ruled by Rahu, considered inauspicious for beginning new ventures. Its timing varies by weekday.

Etymology: rāhu (north lunar node) + kāla (time)

गुलिक (Gulika)

A mathematical point associated with Saturn representing a daily inauspicious window. Also called Mandi. Used in Muhurta to avoid starting activities.

Etymology: Named after Gulika, son of Saturn in mythology

अभिजित (Abhijit)

The midday Muhurta around local noon, considered universally auspicious. Also refers to a 28th intercalary Nakshatra spanning the end of Uttara Ashadha and beginning of Shravana.

Etymology: abhi (towards) + jit (victory)

मुहूर्तशास्त्र (Muhūrtaśāstra)

The branch of Jyotish dedicated to choosing the most favorable time to start an activity. Combines Panchanga, Tarabala, Chandrabala, and planetary positions.

Etymology: From Latin electio (choice) — Vedic equivalent is muhūrta śāstra

पञ्चाङ्ग (Pañcāṅga)

The five components of the Vedic calendar: Tithi (lunar day), Vara (weekday), Nakshatra (Moon's mansion), Yoga (Sun-Moon angle), and Karana (half lunar day).

Etymology: pañca (five) + aṅga (limb)

तिथि (Tithi)

Each 12-degree increment in the angular distance between Sun and Moon. There are 30 Tithis in a lunar month, 15 in the waxing half (Shukla) and 15 in the waning half (Krishna).

Etymology: tithi (date, lunar day)

वार (Vāra)

The seven weekdays, each ruled by a planet: Ravivara (Sun), Somavara (Moon), Mangalavara (Mars), Budhavara (Mercury), Guruvara (Jupiter), Shukravara (Venus), Shanivara (Saturn).

Etymology: vāra (day, turn)

योग (Yoga (Pañcāṅga))

One of 27 Yogas derived from the combined longitude of Sun and Moon divided by 13 degrees 20 minutes. Not to be confused with planetary combination Yogas.

Etymology: yoga (combination) — the Sun-Moon union

करण (Karaṇa)

Half of a Tithi. There are 11 Karanas: 4 fixed (Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga, Kimstughna) and 7 repeating (Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija, Vishti).

Etymology: karaṇa (doing, instrument, means)

शुक्लपक्ष (Śuklapakṣa)

The waxing fortnight of the lunar month from New Moon to Full Moon. Generally considered more favorable for beginning new ventures and expansive activities.

Etymology: śukla (bright, white) + pakṣa (half, fortnight)

कृष्णपक्ष (Kṛṣṇapakṣa)

The waning fortnight of the lunar month from Full Moon to New Moon. Better suited for completion, introspection, and winding down activities.

Etymology: kṛṣṇa (dark) + pakṣa (half, fortnight)

अमावस्या (Amāvasyā)

The day when the Moon conjoins the Sun and is not visible. Marks the end of Krishna Paksha and the beginning of a new lunar month.

Etymology: amā (together) + vasyā (dwelling) — Sun and Moon dwelling together

पूर्णिमा (Pūrṇimā)

The day when the Moon is fully illuminated, exactly opposite the Sun. Marks the end of Shukla Paksha. Associated with fullness, culmination, and heightened energy.

Etymology: pūrṇa (full, complete)

विष्टि (Viṣṭi)

The most inauspicious of the 11 Karanas, recurring eight times per lunar month. Activities begun during Vishti (Bhadra) are said to face obstacles.

Etymology: viṣṭi (forced labor, unpaid work)

अष्टकूट (Aṣṭakūṭa)

The eight-fold compatibility scoring system totaling 36 points: Varna (1), Vashya (2), Tara (3), Yoni (4), Graha Maitri (5), Gana (3), Bhakoot (7), and Nadi (8).

Etymology: aṣṭa (eight) + kūṭa (peak, pillar, test)

कूट (Kūṭa)

A single dimension in the Ashta Kuta matching system. Each Koota tests a different aspect of compatibility and carries a specific point allocation.

Etymology: kūṭa (peak, summit, pillar)

वर्णकूट (Varṇakūṭa)

The first Kuta (1 point) comparing the spiritual/psychological temperament classification of the two Nakshatras: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra.

Etymology: varṇa (color, class, category) + kūṭa (test)

वश्य (Vaśya)

The second Kuta (2 points) assessing natural dominance and attraction patterns between Moon signs.

Etymology: vaśya (controllable, amenable)

ताराकूट (Tārākūṭa)

The third Kuta (3 points) comparing the birth Nakshatras of both individuals via counting and checking if the remainder falls in auspicious positions.

Etymology: tārā (star) + kūṭa (test)

योनि (Yoni)

The fourth Kuta (4 points) mapping each Nakshatra to an animal symbol representing instinctive behavior. Compatibility depends on whether the animal pair is friendly, neutral, or hostile.

Etymology: yoni (source, origin, womb, nature)

ग्रहमैत्रीकूट (Grahamaitrīkūṭa)

The fifth Kuta (5 points) comparing the Moon sign lords of both individuals to test whether the ruling planets are friends, neutral, or enemies.

Etymology: graha (planet) + maitrī (friendship) + kūṭa (test)

गण (Gaṇa)

The sixth Kuta (3 points) classifying each Nakshatra as Deva (gentle), Manushya (mixed), or Rakshasa (intense/independent).

Etymology: gaṇa (group, category, troop)

भकूट (Bhakūṭa)

The seventh Kuta (7 points) comparing the relative positions of both Moon signs. Certain combinations (6-8, 2-12, 5-9) carry specific implications.

Etymology: bha (star/sign) + kūṭa (test)

नाडीकूट (Nāḍīkūṭa)

The eighth and highest-weighted Kuta (8 points) classifying each Nakshatra into Adi (Vata), Madhya (Pitta), or Antya (Kapha). Same-Nadi match scores zero.

Etymology: nāḍī (pulse, energy channel) + kūṭa (test)

भावसिनास्ट्री (Bhāvasināstrī)

Analysis of how one person's planets fall in the other's house framework. Reveals how each person activates specific life areas for the other.

Etymology: bhāva (house) + synastry (Greek: stars together)

रज्जु (Rajju)

A compatibility check beyond the eight Kutas, mapping Nakshatras to body parts (feet, hip, navel, neck, head). Same-Rajju matching is cautioned in the Kerala tradition.

Etymology: rajju (rope, cord)

वेध (Vedha)

Specific Nakshatra pairs considered mutually obstructive in compatibility. If two individuals have Vedha Nakshatras, it is cautioned regardless of other scores.

Etymology: vedha (piercing, obstruction)

मंगलदोष (Maṅgaladoṣa)

Present when Mars occupies the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 7th, 8th, or 12th house. Extremely common (40-50% of charts) with many well-documented cancellation conditions.

Etymology: maṅgala (Mars) + doṣa (fault, consideration)

नाडीदोष (Nāḍīdoṣa)

Arises when both individuals share the same Nadi classification. Carries the heaviest Kuta penalty (8 points). Multiple cancellation conditions exist.

Etymology: nāḍī (pulse) + doṣa (fault)

भकूटदोष (Bhakūṭadoṣa)

Arises when Moon signs are in 6-8 or 2-12 positions from each other. Costs 7 Kuta points. Multiple cancellation conditions exist.

Etymology: bhakūṭa (sign position) + doṣa (fault)

दोष (Doṣa)

A pattern in the birth chart that classical texts flag as an area for awareness. Doshas are extremely common and indicate tendencies to be mindful of, not fixed outcomes.

Etymology: doṣa (fault, blemish, consideration)

गुरुचाण्डाल (Gurucāṇḍāla)

Formed when Jupiter conjoins Rahu. Can indicate unconventional wisdom, challenges to traditional beliefs, or unorthodox approaches.

Etymology: guru (Jupiter/teacher) + cāṇḍāla (outcaste)

पितृदोष (Pitṛdoṣa)

Indicated by Sun's affliction or 9th house challenges. Modern interpretation focuses on inherited family patterns and father-figure themes.

Etymology: pitṛ (father, ancestor) + doṣa (consideration)

ग्रहणदोष (Grahaṇadoṣa)

Present when Sun or Moon are closely conjoined with Rahu or Ketu, mimicking an eclipse condition. Indicates karmic intensity around identity or emotions.

Etymology: grahaṇa (eclipse, seizing) + doṣa (consideration)

शकटयोग (Śakaṭayoga)

Formed when Jupiter is in the 6th, 8th, or 12th from Moon. Can indicate fluctuations in fortune. Cancelled if Jupiter is in a Kendra from Lagna.

Etymology: śakaṭa (cart, wagon) — ups and downs like a cart wheel

केमद्रुम (Kemadruma)

Formed when no planet occupies the 2nd or 12th from Moon. Can indicate periods of hardship, but many cancellation conditions exist including Kendra planets.

Etymology: kemadruma (a lonely/destitute condition)

केन्द्राधिपतिदोष (Kendrādhipatidoṣa)

When natural benefics own Kendra houses, they lose some benefic quality and become functionally neutral. An important principle in Dasha interpretation.

Etymology: kendra (angle) + adhipati (lord) + doṣa (consideration)

केन्द्र (Kendra)

The four angular houses: 1st (self), 4th (home), 7th (partnerships), and 10th (career). The most powerful positions in the chart.

Etymology: kendra (center, pivot)

त्रिकोण (Trikoṇa)

The three trinal houses: 1st, 5th, and 9th. Houses of Dharma and Lakshmi. Their lords combining with Kendra lords produces Raja Yoga.

Etymology: tri (three) + koṇa (angle)

दुस्थान (Dusthāna)

The three challenging houses: 6th (obstacles/health), 8th (transformation), and 12th (endings/liberation). Planets here face difficulties but can produce hidden strengths.

Etymology: dus (bad, difficult) + sthāna (place)

उपचय (Upacaya)

Houses 3, 6, 10, and 11. Malefic planets perform well in Upachaya houses, gaining strength to overcome challenges over time.

Etymology: upacaya (accumulation, increase)

मारक (Māraka)

The 2nd and 7th houses and their lords, traditionally associated with health crises in the Dasha of their lords.

Etymology: māraka (causing death, destroyer)

बाधक (Bādhaka)

A house whose lord can create obstacles. For movable signs the 11th, fixed signs the 9th, dual signs the 7th.

Etymology: bādhaka (obstructing, hindering)

योगकारक (Yogakāraka)

A single planet that rules both a Kendra and a Trikona house, making it the most beneficial planet for that Lagna. Examples: Saturn for Taurus/Libra, Mars for Cancer/Leo.

Etymology: yoga (combination) + kāraka (producer, doer)

कारक (Kāraka)

The natural significator planet for each house. Sun for 1st, Jupiter for 2nd/5th/9th, Mars for 3rd, Moon for 4th, Venus for 7th, Saturn for 8th/10th.

Etymology: kāraka (doer, producer, agent)

भावमध्य (Bhāvamadhya)

The exact midpoint of a house, considered the strongest point of that house's influence.

Etymology: bhāva (house) + madhya (middle)

त्रिक (Trika)

The 6th, 8th, and 12th houses collectively. Their lords are natural functional malefics for any Lagna.

Etymology: trika (trio, group of three)

भावेश (Bhāveśa)

The planet that rules the sign occupying a particular house. Its placement and condition determine how that house's significations manifest.

Etymology: bhāva (house) + īśa (lord, ruler)

शान्ति (Śānti)

Peaceful remedial measures to pacify afflicted planets, including mantras, worship, charitable acts, and lifestyle adjustments.

Etymology: śānti (peace, tranquility)

मन्त्र (Mantra)

A specific sound sequence associated with a planet or deity, chanted a prescribed number of times. Each planet has Vedic, Beej, and Gayatri mantras.

Etymology: man (mind) + tra (tool, instrument) — instrument of thought

बीजमन्त्र (Bījamantra)

A single-syllable mantra encapsulating a planet's energy. Examples: Om for Sun, Shram for Moon, Kram for Mars. The most concentrated mantra form.

Etymology: bīja (seed) + mantra (sacred sound)

यन्त्र (Yantra)

A geometric diagram associated with a planet or deity. Each planet has a specific numerical Yantra based on magic squares.

Etymology: yam (to control) + tra (instrument)

रत्न (Ratna)

Gemstones prescribed to strengthen benefic planets: Ruby (Sun), Pearl (Moon), Red Coral (Mars), Emerald (Mercury), Yellow Sapphire (Jupiter), Diamond (Venus), Blue Sapphire (Saturn).

Etymology: ratna (jewel, gem)

रुद्राक्ष (Rudrākṣa)

Seeds of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus tree used as prayer beads. Different face counts (Mukhis) correspond to different planets and deities.

Etymology: rudra (Shiva) + akṣa (eye, tear)

दान (Dāna)

Charitable giving of specific items associated with a planet to pacify its negative effects. Each planet has prescribed items, days, and recipients.

Etymology: dāna (giving, charity, generosity)

व्रत (Vrata)

A vow or observance, typically involving fasting on the day ruled by a specific planet. Saturday for Saturn, Thursday for Jupiter, etc.

Etymology: vrata (vow, religious observance)

ग्रहशान्ति (Grahaśānti)

A comprehensive remedial approach combining mantra, charity, gemstone, and lifestyle adjustments to pacify an afflicted planet.

Etymology: graha (planet) + śānti (peace)

उपाय (Upāya)

General term for any remedial measure prescribed to mitigate challenging planetary influences. Encompasses mantras, gemstones, charity, and lifestyle changes.

Etymology: upāya (means, approach, solution)

षड्बल (Ṣaḍbala)

A composite strength score based on six factors: positional (Sthana), directional (Dig), temporal (Kala), motional (Cheshta), natural (Naisargika), and aspectual (Drik) strength.

Etymology: ṣaḍ (six) + bala (strength)

अष्टकवर्ग (Aṣṭakavarga)

A transit evaluation system where each planet receives benefic points (Bindus) from 8 sources. Signs with more Bindus give better results during transits.

Etymology: aṣṭaka (group of eight) + varga (division, group)

सर्वाष्टकवर्ग (Sarvāṣṭakavarga)

The aggregate of all individual Ashtakavarga charts showing total Bindu points per sign. Signs with 28+ points are strong; below 25 are weak.

Etymology: sarva (all) + aṣṭakavarga (eight-source system)

वर्ग (Varga)

A sub-chart derived by dividing each sign into smaller segments. The 16 main Vargas zoom into specific life areas: D-9 for marriage, D-10 for career, etc.

Etymology: varga (division, class, group)

नवांश (Navāṃśa)

The most important divisional chart (D-9), each sign divided into 9 parts of 3 degrees 20 minutes. Essential for relationship analysis and deeper planetary nature.

Etymology: nava (nine) + aṃśa (portion, part)

द्रेष्काण (Dreṣkāṇa)

The D-3 divisional chart, each sign divided into three 10-degree segments. Associated with siblings, courage, and communication.

Etymology: From Greek dekanós (decan, 10-degree portion)

दशमांश (Daśamāṃśa)

The D-10 divisional chart for analyzing career, profession, and public standing.

Etymology: daśama (tenth) + aṃśa (portion)

चरकारक (Carakāraka)

In Jaimini astrology, planets ranked by degree to assign roles: Atmakaraka (soul), Amatyakaraka (minister), Bhratrikaraka (siblings), etc.

Etymology: cara (moving, variable) + kāraka (significator)

आत्मकारक (Ātmakāraka)

The planet at the highest degree in the chart. In Jaimini astrology, it represents the soul's deepest desires and primary karmic lessons.

Etymology: ātma (soul, self) + kāraka (significator)

अर्गला (Argalā)

In Jaimini astrology, the influence of planets in the 2nd, 4th, and 11th from a reference point. Acts as a lock that modifies a house's results.

Etymology: argalā (bolt, bar, lock)

भावचलित (Bhāvacalit)

A chart where house cusps are calculated based on the exact Ascendant degree, allowing planets to shift houses from their Rashi position.

Etymology: bhāva (house) + calit (shifted, moved)

कारकत्व (Kārakatva)

The portfolio of life areas a planet naturally signifies. For example, Venus signifies marriage, beauty, arts; Saturn signifies discipline, longevity, service.

Etymology: kāraka (significator) + tva (quality of being)

आरूढलग्न (Ārūḍhalagna)

In Jaimini astrology, derived by counting from Lagna lord. Represents how the world perceives the native, as opposed to the true self shown by Lagna.

Etymology: ārūḍha (mounted, risen upon) + lagna (ascendant)

स्त्रीजातक (Strījātaka)

Classical rules specific to interpreting women's birth charts, covering marriage timing, maternal themes, and partnership dynamics.

Etymology: strī (woman) + jātaka (nativity)

बृहत्पाराशरहोराशास्त्र (Bṛhat Pārāśara Horā Śāstra)

The foundational text of Parashari Jyotish, attributed to Maharshi Parashara. Covers all branches of natal astrology, Dashas, Yogas, remedies, and compatibility.

Etymology: bṛhat (great) + Pārāśara (of Parashara) + horā (horoscopy) + śāstra (treatise)

फलदीपिका (Phala Dīpikā)

A concise treatise by Mantreswara covering natal prediction with emphasis on houses, transits, and planetary combinations.

Etymology: phala (fruit/result) + dīpikā (lamp/illuminator)

मुहूर्तचिन्तामणि (Muhūrta Cintāmaṇi)

A definitive text on electional astrology by Daivagna Rama. Primary source for Ashta Kuta compatibility and Panchanga-based timing.

Etymology: muhūrta (auspicious time) + cintāmaṇi (wish-fulfilling gem)

बृहज्जातक (Bṛhajjātaka)

A scholarly treatise on natal horoscopy by Varahamihira, emphasizing planetary dignity and the Pancha Mahapurusha Yogas.

Etymology: bṛhat (great) + jātaka (nativity)

सारावली (Sārāvalī)

A comprehensive treatise by Kalyana Varma valued for detailed planet-in-sign and planet-in-house descriptions.

Etymology: sārāvalī (essence collection, garland of essences)

सूर्यसिद्धान्त (Sūryasiddhānta)

An ancient astronomical treatise forming the computational foundation for planetary motion calculations used across all Jyotish traditions.

Etymology: sūrya (Sun) + siddhānta (established conclusion)

उत्तरकालामृत (Uttarakālāmṛta)

A rich treatise by Kalidasa known for detailed house significations and planetary Karakatwa descriptions.

Etymology: uttara (later, higher) + kāla (time) + amṛta (nectar)

जैमिनीसूत्र (Jaiminīsūtra)

Aphoristic text by Maharishi Jaimini presenting an alternative predictive system using Chara Dasha, sign aspects, and Chara Karakas.

Etymology: Named after Maharishi Jaimini + sūtra (thread, aphorism)

प्रश्नमार्ग (Praśnamārga)

A comprehensive Kerala tradition text on horary astrology and remedial measures. Primary source for Parihara prescriptions.

Etymology: praśna (question) + mārga (path)

लालकिताब (Lāl Kitāb)

A modern Urdu-origin text by Pt. Roop Chand Joshi presenting practical, accessible remedies. Not classical but widely used.

Etymology: lāl (red) + kitāb (book, from Arabic)

लघुपाराशरी (Laghu Pārāśarī)

A concise medieval text providing definitive rules for Vimshottari Dasha interpretation, including functional benefic/malefic classification.

Etymology: laghu (brief) + Pārāśarī (of the Parashara tradition)

बृहत्संहिता (Bṛhatsaṃhitā)

An encyclopedic work by Varahamihira covering mundane astrology, gemology, and natural phenomena.

Etymology: bṛhat (great) + saṃhitā (compilation, collection)

जातकपारिजात (Jātakapārijāta)

A treatise by Vaidyanatha Dikshita known for Raja Yoga classification and Ashtakavarga depth.

Etymology: jātaka (nativity) + pārijāta (celestial tree)

होरासार (Horāsāra)

A comprehensive horoscopy text by Prithuyasas (son of Varahamihira) with detailed Dasha effects.

Etymology: horā (horoscopy) + sāra (essence)

नेत्रयोग (Netrayoga)

Formed when the 2nd lord is strong and well-placed while connected to benefic planets. Indicates ability to accumulate and retain wealth.

Etymology: netra (eye, leader) + yoga (combination)

धर्मसिन्धु (Dharmasindhu)

A compendium by Kashinath Upadhyaya covering ritual observances, Vratas, and Muhurta guidelines from the Dharmashastra tradition.

Etymology: dharma (duty, righteousness) + sindhu (ocean, river)

सप्तमांश (Saptamāṃśa)

The D-7 divisional chart, each sign divided into 7 parts. Specifically used for analyzing children, progeny, and creative output.

Etymology: saptama (seventh) + aṃśa (portion)